Loanwords listed in alphabetical order

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Loanwords listed in alphabetical order



A
admiral
أميرالبحار, amīr al-bihār commander of the seas.
adobe
الطوب aṭ-ṭūb, the bricks.
albacore
الباكورة al-bakūra, perhaps from bakūr, premature.
albatross (or algatross)
الغطاس al-γaṭṭās (or al-ghaṭṭās), the diver.
alchemy
الكيمياء alkīmiyā, from Greek khēmia, khēmeia, art of transmuting metals[1]
alcohol
الغول - الكحول in the literature of late European alchemy, the quintessence of an earthly substance. See kohl in this list. The idea of "quintessences of earthly substances" and the use of "alcohol" to denote quintessences are developments in European alchemy in the 14th century. From the 1500s on, the denotation of "alcohol" narrowed down to "quintessence of wine" or "spirit of wine", i.e., ethanol, CH3CH2OH, as the term "alcool vini" (quintessence of wine) got shortened to "alcool" or "alcohol". The term alco(h)ol vini supplanted the original quinta essentia vini, "fifth essence of wine".[2][3]
alcove
قبة - طاقة al-qubba, "the vault".
alembic
الإنبيق al-anbiq, "still" (the distillation device), from Greek ambix, stem ambik-, "cup".
algebra
الجبر al-jabr, the restoring of missing parts. This word is reported to have entered Middle English in the sense of 'the setting of broken bones'. The modern mathematical sense comes from the title of a book, al-kitāb al-muxtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing", by the 9th-century Muslim mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsa al-Xwārizmī. The appellation al-xwārizmī means literally "the Khwārizmian", referring to Khwārizm, now Khiva, in Uzbekistan. Another legacy of this mathematician is that his appellation gave rise to the word algorithm الخوارزمية.
algorism
[1] see algorithm in this list.
algorithm or algorism
الخوارزمي al-xwārizmī, the Khwārizmian. Appellation of the Persian scientist, Muḥammad ibn Mūsa al-Xwārizmī, who wrote the first book on algebra. See algebra in this list
alidade
عضادة , عِضَادة . A surveying instrument.
alizarin
العصارة al-ʕaṣārah, the juice. A dye.
alkali
القلي from qalā, to fry, to roast. 'Alkali' originally meant a saline substance derived from the ashes of plants.
almanac
المناخal-manāx (or al-manākh), "the climate", possibly from Greek almenichiakon, calendar
alfalfa
al-fisfisa, fresh fodder [2]
alkanet
الحنة '"al-hinna'"=the henna.[3]
amalgam
الملغم al-malgham. [4]
amber
amber/anbar, yellow [5]
aniline
نيلة - صبغ النيل al-nili, from Persian and Sanskrit[citation needed]
apricot
البرقوق al-birquq
arsenal
دار الصناعة dār aṣ-ṣināʕa, house of manufacturing
artichoke
الخرشوف al-xurshūf
assassin
حشاشين ḥashshāshīn, Arabic designation of the Nizari branch of the Ismā'īlī Shia Muslims during the Middle Ages, literally 'user of hashish.
attar
عطر itr/utur, perfume,aroma. [6]
aubergine
الباذنجان al-bādhinjān, from Persian bâdinjân ultimately from the Sanskrit vatin gana.
azimuth
السموت as-sumūt, the paths
azure
الزورد al-lazward, 'lapis lazuli' - from Persian.
[edit] B
barding (archaic term for horse armour)
bardaʿah, packsaddle -any of various pieces of defensive armor for a horse covering, from Persian.
benzoin
لبان جاوي labān jāwī, "frankincense of Java". Benzoin is an organic chemical solvent extracted from a resin of an Asian tree.
bezoar
bazahr, from Persian.
bonito
bainīth.
burnous/burnoose
برنوس burnūs, from Latin byrrhus
borax
بورق buraq, from Persian.

[edit] C

caliber
قالب qâlib, 'mould', derived from Arabic.[4]
camphor
كافور kafur. [7]
candy
قند qandi, possibly a loanword.
carat
qirat, from Greek
carafe
possibly from غراف‎ gharrāfa, see decanter. OED
caraway
كراوية karāwiya
carmine
ultimately from Sanskrit krmi-ja. See 'kermes' below.
carob
خرّوب xarrūb, (1) locust; (2) carob bean
carrack
qarāqīr plural of qurqur
checkmate
شاه مات shah māt, 'The king is dead'[5]
chemistry
see alchemy in this list
cipher
صفر sifr, zero
civet
zabad [8]
coffee
قهوة qahwa, itself possibly from Kefa, Ethiopia, where the plant originated.
cotton
قُطْن qutun
crimson
الكرمزي qirmazi, related to the qirmiz, the insect that provided the dye.
curcuma
From Arabic word kurkum =saffron, turmeric.[9]
[edit] D
divan
ديوان dīwān, from Persian.
dragoman
ترجمان tarjumān, from Aramaic turgemānā, in turn from Akkadian.[6]
[edit] E
elixir
الإكسير al-'iksīr, (1) philosopher's stone; (2) medicinal potion. From Greek xērion, powder for drying wounds
[edit] F
fustic
الفسطيط أو الفستيق fosṭeeṭ, ultimately from Greek πιστακη pistakē, pistachio tree[6]
[edit] G
garble
γarbala, sift; ultimately from Latin cribellum, sieve
gauze
ّقز qazz, in turn from Persian kazh (ك) "raw silk".
gazelle
غزال ghazāl
gerbil
See jerboa in this list; the word "gerbil" is a European created diminutive of "jerboa", but the words refer to distinct species.
ghoul
غول ghūl
giraffe
زرافة zarāfa[7]
[edit] H
harem
حريم harīm, forbidden thing or place
hashish
حشيش hashīsh, grass, Cannabis
hazard
from French 'hasart', Medieval Latin 'azardum', said to be ultimately from an Arabic name of a castle Hasart' or 'Asart' in Palestine. (OED).
henna
حنة hinna
[edit] I-J
ifrit
عفريت Ifreet an ancient demon.
jar
جرة jarrah, large earthen vase
jasmine
from French. jasmin, , from Arabic yas(a)min ياسمين .[10]
jinn
Arabic is الجن al Jinn (note that genie is not derived from this, though it may be influenced by it)
jerboa
جربوع jarbūa. See also gerbil in this list.
[edit] K
kermes
قرمز qirmiz perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit krmi-ja, worm-produced
kohl
الكحل al-kuhl, kohl. Powdered stibnite, used for millennia to decorate the eyes and as an eye medicine. (Stibnite is an ore of the element antimony.)
[edit] L
lacquer
lakk.
lilac
from Arabic lilak, from Pers. lilak, variant of nilak "bluish," from nil "indigo" [11]
Lemon
ليمون "citrus fruit,".
lime
ليمه leemah "citrus fruit," a back-formation or a collective noun from ليمون laymun "lemon"[12]
loofah
from the Egyptian Arabic word lūfa لوفه.
lute
العود al-ʕūd, "the oud", a forerunner of the guitar.
[edit] M
macrame
miqrama, embroidered veil (via French)
mafia
Perhaps mahyas, "aggressive, boasting, bragging."[8]; but the OED suggests another Arabic derivation, from Sicilian marfusu ('scoundrel'), from Spanish marfuz ('traitor') from Arabic marfud ('outcast').
magazine
مخازين makhāzin, storehouses,
mattress
مطرح matrah, (1) spot where something is thrown down; (2) mat, cushion
mocha
مخا al-muxā (or al-mukhā), city of Mocha, Yemen
mohair
مخير muxayyar, having the choice
monsoon
موسم mawsim, season
mummy
موميا mūmiyyā, embalmed corpse (ultimately from Persian).
muslin
derived from the name of the Iraqi city of موصل Mosul, where cotton fabric was manufactured
[edit] N
nadir
نظير naẓīr, parallel or counterpart
nucha (anatomical term for 'nape of the neck')
نخاع ، منخع , nape of the neck. Via Medieval Latin, from Arabic nuḫā', marrow, spinal cord.[9]
nunation
from the Arabic name of the 'n' sound: nuun نون . Medical term: overly frequent or abnormal use (as in stammering) of the sound of the letter n.
[edit] O
orange
From Arabic word نارنج naranj, from Sanskrit via Persian.
[edit] P
popinjay
ببفا babaγā Parrot.
[edit] Q
qat / khat
قات kat The plant Catha edulis.
[edit] R
racquet or 'racket'
راحة rāhah, palm of the hand
realgar
rahj al-ghar,[6] a mineral
ream (quantity of sheets of paper)
رزمة rizma, bale, bundle
roc
rukhkh, possibly from Persian.
rice
"riz", from Arabic رز.
[edit] S
safari
from Swahili safari, journey, in turn from (Arabic: سفر‎, safar). [13]
safflower
عصفر , أصفر asfar, yellow .
saffron
زعفران zaffarān (or zaffarān), species of crocus plant bearing orange stigmas and purple flowers.
sash
شاش shāsh, wrap of muslin. See muslin in this list.
sequin
صقع sikka, die, coin
sherbet, sorbet, shrub, syrup
شراب sharāb, a drink
soda
perhaps from سوادة suwwāda, سويد suwayd, or سويدة suwayda, a species of plant
sofa
suffa, stone ledge
sugar
سكّر sukkar, sugar, ultimately from Sanskrit [14]
sumac
summāq "سمَاق", from Arabic.
sesame
From Arabic simsim سمسم
[edit] T
tabby (fabric)
عتابي ʕattābī (9attābī), deriv. of (al-)ʕattābiyya, quarter of Baghdad where watered silk was first made, named after a prince, ʕattāb
tahini
طحين ṭaḥīn, flour, which derives from the Arabic verb for "grind"
talc
طلق ṭalq, from Persian.
tamarind
تمر هندي tamr-hindī, date of India
tangerine
First oranges imported into Europe were from Tangier, Morocco.
tare
tarḥa, a discard (something discarded)[6]
tariff
تعريفة taʕrīfa (or ta9rīfa), act of making known; notification
tazza
طشت ṭašt, round, shallow, drinking cup made of metal. Amer. Heritage Dict.
[edit] U-Z
zenith
سمت الرأس samt ar-ra's, zenith, vertex
zero
صفر sifr, cipher, zero.
Contents Top 09 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

[edit] Words that may be Arabic loanwords
average
عوارية (بضاعة اصابها عطب في البحر) - متوسط of disputed origin; possibly from ʕawārīya, damaged merchandise, or from Italian avere or French avoir, property, from Latin habere, to have
monkey
baccalaureate
It has been suggested [15] that the Latin and general European term 'baccalaureatus' derives from the Arabic phrase bi-haqq al-riwayati, which occurs in Ijazah degrees that were awarded by Madrassas (Islamic schools) as early as 1147 CE. The OED, while admitting that its origins are not clear, do not link it to Arabic.
barbican or Barbacan
Outer fortification of a city or castle, perhaps from Arabic or Persian باب خانه bab-khanah =gate-house".[16], [17]
caramel
possibly from Arabic, more likely from Latin cannamellis, burnt honey
date
دقل - بلح Possibly from Arabic daqal "date palm". [18]
drub
possibly Arabic 'daraba', "beat". (OED).
gala
perhaps from Arabic khil'a, fine garment given as a presentation. [19]
gibberish
حيان jabir; the name of the Arabic alchemist, Jabir ibn Hayyan, whose name was Latinized as "Geber".[10]
mascara
uncertain origin; possibly from مسخرة maskhara "buffoon" or from an unknown language. In modern Arabic maskhara means to ridicule
massage
uncertain whether ultimately from either Arabic مسح massa, to stroke, or from Latin massa, dough
Mulatto
disputed etymology either from Spanish or Arabic.
risk
possibly from Arabic rizq, but also argued to be from Greek [20].
satin
probably from Arabic zaytūnī, of Zaytun
talisman
a blend of the Arabic loan from Greek and the Greek itself [21]
tobacco
usually supposed to be from some Caribbean language, but possibly an application of an already existing European loan from Arabic tabbaq.[22]
toque
kind of round hat, possibly from Arabic taqa.
traffic
tafriq, distribution. This is one scholar's published suggestion.

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